Lorry driving is an essential part of modern logistics, enabling the transportation of goods across vast distances. Whether it’s moving raw materials for manufacturing or delivering products to retail stores, the role of a lorry driver is crucial to keeping the economy running. However, with such great responsibility comes the need for a strong focus on safety. Lorry drivers must consistently perform specific checks before hitting the road, during the journey, and at the end of their shift to ensure the safety of themselves, other road users, and the cargo they’re transporting.
This guide outlines 10 critical safety checks every lorry driver should do, ensuring that every journey is as safe as possible. These checks are designed to prevent accidents, avoid costly repairs, and minimize downtime. By adhering to this safety checklist, you can improve your overall driving experience, maintain the integrity of your vehicle, and, most importantly, protect lives.
1. Tyre Inspection
Tyres are a lorry’s direct contact with the road, and their condition is crucial for the vehicle’s performance and safety. Lorry drivers must inspect tyres for the following:
- Tread Depth: The legal minimum tread depth in the UK is 1.6mm. However, experts recommend maintaining a tread depth of at least 3mm for optimal performance.
- Air Pressure: Ensure tyres are properly inflated. Under-inflated tyres can lead to poor fuel efficiency and increased wear, while over-inflated tyres are more susceptible to punctures.
- Sidewall Damage: Check for cracks, bulges, or cuts on the sidewall of the tyres. Any sign of damage can increase the risk of blowouts, particularly when carrying heavy loads.
For more details on how to check tyre pressure and tread depth, visit TyreSafe – a UK charity dedicated to raising awareness about tyre safety.
2. Brakes and Air Systems
The braking system is one of the most critical components of any lorry. Drivers should check both the brakes and air systems thoroughly:
- Brake Pads and Discs: Inspect for wear and tear. Squeaking or grinding noises during braking may indicate worn-out brake pads.
- Air Systems: Lorries with air brake systems should be checked for leaks and ensure the pressure is at the correct level. A malfunctioning air system can result in a dangerous braking failure.
For detailed guidance on brake safety, the Brake Safety Awareness Week provides resources to help drivers keep their brakes in top shape.
3. Lights and Indicators
The visibility of your lorry is essential for road safety, especially during night driving or adverse weather conditions. Before starting any journey:
- Headlights: Check both high and low beams to ensure they’re functioning correctly.
- Indicators: Make sure all turn signals are working properly.
- Brake Lights: Verify that brake lights activate when the brake pedal is pressed.
- Hazard Lights: Test the hazard lights to ensure they work in case of an emergency.
- Reflective Markings: Ensure that the reflective markings on your lorry are clean and clearly visible.
For legal requirements about vehicle lighting, check out the UK government’s official page on vehicle lighting regulations.
4. Load Security
The safety of the load is just as important as the safety of the lorry. Ensuring that cargo is properly secured prevents load shifts that could make the vehicle unstable or even cause accidents:
- Securing Straps: Inspect all straps, ropes, or chains securing the load for wear and tear.
- Load Distribution: Ensure the weight is evenly distributed across the trailer to avoid tipping or loss of control.
- Overhangs: Check for any parts of the load that overhang and could potentially strike other vehicles or roadside objects.
For more on the legal requirements for securing loads, visit HSE’s Load Securing Guide.
5. Mirrors and Cameras
Blind spots are a significant issue when driving large vehicles like lorries. To counter this, mirrors and, where installed, cameras must be checked:
- Mirror Adjustments: Ensure that all mirrors (side, rearview, and wide-angle) are properly aligned and free from cracks or dirt.
- Camera Systems: If your lorry is equipped with rear-view or side-view cameras, ensure they are functioning and the lenses are clean.
For more information on blind spot awareness, you can visit Think Road Safety for detailed guidance.
6. Fluid Levels
Lorry engines require several fluids to operate smoothly and efficiently. Low levels of any fluid can cause significant mechanical problems:
- Engine Oil: Check the oil level using the dipstick. Top up if necessary, but don’t overfill.
- Brake Fluid: Ensure the brake fluid is at the required level. Low brake fluid can cause poor braking performance.
- Coolant: Check the coolant level in the reservoir and top it up if it’s below the minimum line. Never open the radiator cap while the engine is hot.
- Windscreen Washer Fluid: Always keep this topped up to ensure clear visibility.
Learn more about vehicle fluids from the RAC’s Guide to Vehicle Fluids.
7. Suspension and Steering
A smooth and responsive suspension and steering system ensures the lorry is easy to control, especially in emergencies:
- Suspension: Check for signs of wear, including damaged or leaking shock absorbers.
- Steering Play: Ensure the steering wheel moves smoothly without excessive play.
- Power Steering Fluid: If your lorry has hydraulic power steering, check the fluid level and top up as necessary.
For more on steering and suspension maintenance, check out Your Mechanic’s Guide.
8. Exhaust and Emissions Systems
With stricter emissions standards being enforced worldwide, keeping your exhaust and emissions system in check is important both for legal compliance and environmental reasons:
- Exhaust Leaks: Inspect the exhaust system for cracks, holes, or signs of rust.
- Emissions Compliance: Ensure your vehicle meets the latest emissions standards and that any installed Diesel Particulate Filters (DPFs) are functioning correctly.
For information on emissions standards, visit the European Union’s Vehicle Emissions Standards Page.
9. Driver’s Safety Equipment
Lorry drivers must also ensure that their personal safety equipment is in good condition and readily accessible:
- Fire Extinguisher: Ensure your fire extinguisher is within its expiry date and fully charged.
- First Aid Kit: Check that your first aid kit is fully stocked and items are not expired.
- High Visibility Clothing: Ensure your hi-vis jacket or vest is clean and undamaged. Visibility is key when working around the vehicle at stops or during breakdowns.
For more on essential safety equipment, the HSE provides a detailed guide for drivers.
10. Daily Walkaround Checks
Before you begin any journey, performing a thorough walkaround check of your lorry is essential. This check helps ensure that all of the critical safety systems are in good working order. Here’s a step-by-step process for a proper walkaround:
- Check for Fluid Leaks: Look under the vehicle for any signs of oil, coolant, or fuel leaks.
- Inspect Tyres and Wheels: Check for punctures, uneven wear, and secure wheel nuts.
- Test Lights: Turn on your lights and indicators, and check them as you walk around.
- Listen for Unusual Noises: As the engine idles, listen for any abnormal sounds from the engine bay or exhaust system.
A walkaround takes just a few minutes but can prevent costly repairs or dangerous situations down the line. Fleet News offers a comprehensive guide for fleet operators and drivers.